非谓语动词简单介绍 本文关键词：动词，简单，介绍，非谓语
非谓语动词简单介绍 本文简介：非谓语动词概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称形式语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式todo/tobedone√√√√√√tobedoi
非谓语动词简单介绍 本文内容：
非谓语动词
概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.
一、考点聚焦
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
形式
语
法
功
能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
to
do/to
be
done
√
√
√
√
√
√
to
be
doing
√(经常)
√
to
have(been)
done
√
√
动名词
doing
√
√
√
√
现在分词
doing
√
√
√
√
having(been)
done
√(动作完成)
过去分词
done
√
√
√
√可代替
having
been
done
2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+
to
do
形式。
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide
what
to
do,wonder
how
to
deal
with
sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①
动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen
to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：
主语
+
ask
/
require
/
tell
/
order
/
force
/
get
/
want
/
like/advise/allow/cause/consider/
encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb.
to
do.
sth.
③主语
+
think
/
judge
/
suppose
/
believe
/
consider
/imagine/consider
+
sb.
+
to
be/to
be
doing/
to
have
done
注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要
注意不定式被动语态的使用。
④主语
+
call
on
/
upon
/
depend
on
/
wait
for
/
ask
for
+
sb.+
to
do
sth.
（5）不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only
to
do表示出人意料的结果。
To
sleep
well,I
turned
off
the
alarm
clock.
We
hurried
to
the
classroom
only
to
find
none
there.
in
order(not)to,s
o
as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough
to,so…
as
to
do,such
+
名词…
as
to
do作结果状语，如:The
girl
was
so
kind
as
to
help
the
old
man
off
the
bus.
I’m
not
such
a
fool
as
to
believe
that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The
novel
was
said
to
have
been
published.
I
regret
to
have
been
with
you
for
so
many
years.
seem、appear、be
said、be
supposed、be
believed、be
thought、be
known、be
reported等动词常用于上面句型。
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。
（A）should
like
to
/
would
like
to
/
would
love
to
+
不定式的完成时。
（B）was
/
were
to
+
不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。
（C）expect
/
hope
/
mean
/
promise
/
suppose
/
think
/
want/
wish
+
不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。
注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用：
（7）不定式的省略。
①同一结构并列由and或or连接。
I
want
to
finish
my
homework
and
(to
)go
home.
I’m
really
puzzled
what
to
think
or
(to)say.
特例：To
be
or
not
to
be,this
is
a
question.
He
is
better
to
laugh
than
to
cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。
What
he
did
was(to)
lose
the
game.
③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such
as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。
Don’t
do
anything
silly,such
as
marry
him.
比较：have
nothing
to
do
but
do
/have
nothing
but
to
do
have
no
choice
but
to
do
/can’t
(help)
but
do
④主句含有不定式，后面有rather
than,rather
than后省to。
Rather
than
______
on
a
crowded
bus,he
always
prefers
a
bicycle.
A.
ride;
rideB.
riding;
ride
C.
ride;
to
ride
D.
to
ride;
riding
⑤Why
not、had
better、would
rather、can’t
but等词后省to。如：
He
could
not
but
walk
home.
（8）不定式的替代。
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：
The
boy
wanted
to
ride
his
bicycle
in
the
street,but
his
mother
told
him
.
A.
not
to
B.
not
to
do
C.
not
do
it
D.
do
not
to
Susan
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
—You
came
late
last
night.
You
ought
to
have
finished
your
homework.
—I
know
I
ought
to
have.
常见的有：I’d
like
/
love
/
be
happy
to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
（1）动名词作宾语。
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t
help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave
off,put
off,give
up,look
forward
to,feel
like,have
trouble
/
difficulty(in)
doing
sth.
devote
to,get
used
to,pay
attention
to,be
fond
of,be
worth。
③介词后要接动名词。what
about、how
about、without、be
fond
of、be
good
at等介词后接动名词。注意on
/
upon
doing
sth.
=
as
soon
as
引导的从中。作此意讲时on
/
upon后也可以接名词。如on
his
arrival…。
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin,start,continue,like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’t
stand
例
句
解
析
1.
It
began
to
rain.
It
began
raining.
2.
It
was
beginning
to
snow.
3.
I
love
lying
(to
lie)on
my
back.
4.
I
like
listening
to
music,but
today
I
don’t
like
to.
5.
I
don’
t
prefer
to
swim
in
the
river
now.
1.
意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。
2.
表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。
remember,forget,regret,try
例
句
解
析
1.
I
remember
to
meet
her
at
the
station.
I
remember
seeing
her
once
somewhere.
2.
I
forgot
giving
it
to
you
yesterday.
I
forgot
to
tell
you
about
it.
Now
here
it
is.
3.
I
regret
not
having
working
hard.
I
regret
to
hear
of
your
sister’s
death.
4.
Try
knocking
at
the
back
door.
We
must
try
to
get
everything
ready.
5.
That
will
mean
flooding
some
land.
I
had
meant
to
go
on
Monday.
1.
remember
to
do
sth.记住要做的事
remember
doing
sth.回顾过去发生的事
2.
forget
to
do
sth.忘记要做的事
forget
doing
sth.忘记做过的事
3.
regret
to
do
sth.对将要做的事抱歉
regret
doing
sth.对发生过的事后悔
4.
try
to
do
sth.设法……，试图
try
doing
sth.试试看，试一试
5.
mean
to
do
sth.打算做……，想要
mean
doing
sth.意味着，就是
want,require,need,demand,request
例
句
解
析
These
desks
need
repairing.
These
desks
need
to
be
repaired.
The
patient
required
examined
The
patient
required
to
be
examined.
1.
need
doing
需要被做
need
to
be
done需要被做
2.
want
doing
want
to
be
done
3.
require
doing
require
to
be
done
（6）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别：
感官动词
动词原形→做了某事
S．+
+
宾语
+
现在分词→正在做某事
使役动词
过去分词→做了或被做
比较:
see
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.短语
watch
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.短语,find
sb.(sth).
do/doing/done/prep.
get
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing,hear
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing
feel
sb.(sth.)to
do/done/doing
make
sb
do
/make
sth
done,force
sb.
to
do/cause
sb.
to
do等